With the rapid development of intelligent robot technology, human-machine interaction (HMI) based on acoustic sensors plays a crucial role in promoting natural and efficient communication among robots.

On October 21st, the General Office of the People's Government of Guangdong Province issued the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Innovative Development of the Optical Chip Industry in Guangdong Province (2024-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), which aims to achieve more than 10 key core technological breakthroughs in the field of optical chips, create more than 10 "fist" products, cultivate more than 10 first-class leading enterprises with international competitiveness, and build about 10 national and provincial innovation platforms by2030.

In the United States alone, approximately 100000 traffic accidents are caused by human factors such as drowsiness or fatigue each year. Automotive biosensors can be used to help maintain safe driving by providing early detection of health issues, preventing fatigue related accidents, and assessing stress and emotional states.

From the automation of industrial production lines to the intelligence of home services, robots are everywhere, changing our way of life and work patterns. In this process, the development of tactile sensors played a crucial role.

Sensors, as the cornerstone of the Internet of Things, are one of the key technologies for achieving the interconnection of all things. In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things, industrial Internet, intelligent manufacturing and other fields, the demand for sensors has surged. Smart sensors integrate microprocessors and sensor components, enabling data acquisition, processing, and transmission functions.