As the core substrate of semiconductor devices and MEMS devices, the surface step height and microstructure measurement accuracy of bulk silicon directly determine the performance and reliability of the devices. As the core equipment for microstructure characterization, the traditional contact measurement of the step instrument is prone to scratching the surface of bulk silicon.

Disadvantages of existing technology 1. Poor weak light performance of CMOS: It can only perceive 1.0 lux illumination and is difficult to detect weak light signals at night/deep space.

Wearable biosensors have become a platform for continuous and real-time health monitoring, capable of collecting physiological, biochemical, and environmental signals from different parts of the human body in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner.

Since the proposal of chemical gas sensors in 1962, various gas sensors with diverse functionalities have emerged alongside advancements in gas sensing technology. Due to their compact size, ease of manufacturing, low power consumption, and simple operation, gas sensors are widely used in numerous fields such as disease diagnosis, smart agriculture, environmental monitoring, food quality control, industrial safety, and detection of hazardous or greenhouse gases.

Longmen milling, as a large-scale precision machining equipment, is widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace, heavy machinery, and mold manufacturing. The operational stability of its core components such as spindle, guide rail, and sliding bearing directly determines the machining accuracy and equipment service life.

In the field of modern mechanical processing, floor boring, as the core representative of heavy precision equipment, is widely used in high-end industries such as aerospace, heavy machinery, and shipbuilding. Its machining accuracy and operational stability directly determine the quality of key components.